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Mayo Clinic Laboratories

Test ID: BILID Bilirubin Direct, Serum

Reporting Name

Bilirubin, Direct

Useful For

Evaluation of jaundice and liver functions

Specimen Type

Serum

Shipping Instructions

Ship specimen in amber vial to protect from light.

Necessary Information

Patient's age and sex are required.

Specimen Required

Supplies: Amber Frosted Tube, 5 mL (T915)

Collection Container/Tube:

Preferred: Serum gel

Acceptable: Red top

Submission Container/Tube: Amber vial

Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Serum gel tubes should be centrifuged within 2 hours of collection.

2. Red-top tubes should be centrifuged, and the serum aliquoted into an amber vial within 2 hours of collection.

Specimen Minimum Volume

0.25 mL

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type	Temperature	Time	Special Container
Serum	Refrigerated (preferred)	24 hours	LIGHT PROTECTED
	Frozen	30 days	LIGHT PROTECTED
	Ambient	6 hours	LIGHT PROTECTED

Reference Values

≥12 months: 0.0-0.3 mg/dL

Reference values have not been established for patients who are <12 months of age.

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Sunday

Test Classification

This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.

CPT Code Information

82248

LOINC Code Information

Test ID	Test Order Name	Order LOINC Value
BILID	Bilirubin, Direct	1968-7

Result ID	Test Result Name	Result LOINC Value
BILID	Bilirubin, Direct	1968-7

Clinical Information

Approximately 85% of the total bilirubin produced is derived from the heme moiety of hemoglobin while the remaining 15% is produced from the RBC precursors destroyed in the bone marrow and from the catabolism of other heme-containing proteins. After production in peripheral tissues, bilirubin is rapidly taken up by hepatocytes where it is conjugated with glucuronic acid to produce mono- and diglucuronide, which are excreted in the bile. Direct bilirubin is a measurement of conjugated bilirubin.

Jaundice can occur as a result of problems at each step in the metabolic pathway. Disorders may be classified as those due to: increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis), decreased bilirubin excretion (eg, obstruction and hepatitis), and abnormal bilirubin metabolism (eg, hereditary and neonatal jaundice).

Inherited disorders in which direct bilirubinemia occurs include Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Rotor syndrome. Jaundice of the newborn where direct bilirubin is elevated includes idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. The most commonly occurring form of jaundice of the newborn, physiological jaundice, results in unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia. Elevated unconjugated bilirubin in the neonatal period may result in brain damage (kernicterus). Treatment options are phototherapy and, if severe, exchange transfusion.

The increased production of bilirubin that accompanies the premature breakdown of erythrocytes and ineffective erythropoiesis results in hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of any liver abnormality. In hepatobiliary diseases of various causes, bilirubin uptake, storage, and excretion are impaired to varying degrees. Thus, both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin is retained and a wide range of abnormal serum concentrations of each form of bilirubin may be observed. Both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin are increased in hepatocellular diseases such as hepatitis and space-occupying lesions of the liver, and obstructive lesions such as carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, common bile duct, or ampulla of Vater.

Interpretation

Direct bilirubin levels must be assessed in conjunction with total and indirect levels and the clinical setting.

Clinical Reference

1. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders Company, 1994

2. Roche/Hitachi Modular Analytics Reference Guide, Vol 7

Report Available

Same day/1 to 2 days

Method Name

Photometric, Diazotized Sulfanilic Acid

Mayo Clinic Laboratories | Gastroenterology Catalog Additional Information:

mml-liver-pancreatic

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